Yes, we can blame Microsoft and can't be expected to debug or work around every one of their bugs. After installing all Windows & Office updates on our test system,
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\root\VFS\ProgramFilesCommonX86\Microsoft Shared\OFFICE16\Mso20win32client.dll
version is now 16.0.6925.1016, and I could reproduce the behavior you reported with Outlook sync. Restoring the previous version of that DLL (16.0.6925.1014) resolved the issue. Here is the .1014 version of the DLL in case you don't have it:
http://www.kinook.com/Download/Misc/...in32client.dll